{"id":6623,"date":"2022-11-28T17:19:19","date_gmt":"2022-11-28T09:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/incit.org\/?p=6623"},"modified":"2025-06-13T23:22:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T15:22:52","slug":"manufacturing-supply-chain-resilience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/thought-leadership\/manufacturing-supply-chain-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcretim tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Son on y\u0131llarda, end\u00fcstriyel \u015firketler giderek daha fazla k\u00fcreselle\u015fti ve uluslararas\u0131 tedarik zincirleri kurdu. Bu, \u00fcretimi ve maliyet etkinli\u011fini en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2022\/06\/the-stretch-of-supply-chains-B2B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">daha yal\u0131n tedarik zinciri<\/a> az &#039;ya\u011f&#039; yani tampon i\u00e7eren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok durumda, bu tedarik zincirleri ayn\u0131 zamanda az say\u0131da mevcut, yerle\u015fik kayna\u011fa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e tedarik zincirleri ve \u00fcretim tesisleri d\u0131\u015f etkenlere daha fazla maruz kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131, jeopolitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, artan korumac\u0131l\u0131k ve tarifeler gibi sorunlar, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan tedarik zincirlerinin bozulmas\u0131nda rol oynad\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve ekonomik etki \u00f6nemliydi ve hala \u00f6yle. Bir tahmin, tedarik zinciri kesintisinin \u015funa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reutersevents.com\/supplychain\/supply-chain\/supply-chain-disruptions-may-have-caused-4-trillion-lost-revenues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ABD$4 trilyon gelir kayb\u0131<\/a> K\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ise Accenture&#039;\u0131n 2022 raporu, tedarik zincirindeki aksakl\u0131klar nedeniyle Avro B\u00f6lgesi&#039;nin k\u00fcm\u00fclatif GSY\u0130H&#039;sinin 2023 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 920 milyar avro (yakla\u015f\u0131k 970 milyar ABD dolar\u0131) azalabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As\u0131l soru \u015fu: \u015eirketler bundan sonra tedarik zincirlerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l in\u015fa edebilir?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Titanlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: ABD ve \u00c7in ba\u011flam\u0131nda tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, korumac\u0131 politikalar ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri nedeniyle son y\u0131llarda \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 bir seyir izliyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EY End\u00fcstriyel Tedarik Zinciri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131&#039;na g\u00f6re, ABD&#039;deki \u015firketlerin 50%&#039;den fazlas\u0131 son iki y\u0131lda operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 veya k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131; 55% ise operasyonlar\u0131na daha yak\u0131n olmak i\u00e7in tedarik\u00e7i taban\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, kritik hammaddelerin \u00fcretimini ve tedarikini ABD&#039;de veya ABD yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan elektrikli ara\u00e7 (EV) \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7erli.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in&#039;de, rekabet\u00e7i bir end\u00fcstriyel sisteme sahip olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha fazla odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor. Geni\u015fleyen i\u00e7 t\u00fcketimle birlikte \u00c7in, i\u00e7 pazarlara daha fazla vurgu yapan ve ihracata olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltan, daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve i\u00e7 odaklanma sa\u011flayan ikili bir dola\u015f\u0131m stratejisi uygulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1,4 milyar t\u00fcketicinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u00e7 pazar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu, \u00c7inli \u015firketlerin (65%) daha y\u00fcksek bir oranda operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 veya yeniden k\u0131y\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan sa\u011flam bir stratejidir; 75% ise tedarik\u00e7i taban\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok \u015firket tedarik zincirlerini \u00c7in&#039;den uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ancak tedarik zincirinin tamamen ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilir: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/cn\/~\/media\/mckinsey\/locations\/asia\/greater%20china\/our%20insights\/five%20consumer%20trends%20shaping%20the%20next%20decade%20of%20growth%20in%20china\/china%20article%20on%20redrawing%20consumer%20map%20article_11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">de\u011fi\u015fen t\u00fcketici duygular\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir anket, yerel bir \u00c7in markas\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 bir markaya tercih edece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n 2011&#039;de 15%&#039;den 2020&#039;de 85%&#039;ye y\u00fckseldi\u011fini ortaya koydu. Bu nedenle &quot;\u00c7in art\u0131 bir&quot; yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, yabanc\u0131 firmalar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve pazar eri\u015fimini korumas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken, tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131rabilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler tedarik zinciri sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ele al\u0131yor?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tedarik zincirindeki aksakl\u0131klardan baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha fazla etkileniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, havac\u0131l\u0131k, savunma ve kimya end\u00fcstrilerinde \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme, k\u0131smen hassas yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve de\u011fer zincirlerindeki operasyonel karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle rekabet\u00e7i kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in acil bir gereklilik haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu sekt\u00f6rler tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar benimser.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve savunma \u015firketleri, genellikle daha k\u0131sa, yurt i\u00e7ine y\u00f6nelik tedarik zincirlerine sahiptir. <a href=\"https:\/\/princemanufacturing.com\/what-is-expected-in-nearshore-manufacturing-in-mexico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hassas do\u011fa<\/a> i\u015flerinin. Teknolojiler gibi <a href=\"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/thought-leadership\/3d-printing-and-industry-4-0-whats-the-state-of-play\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">katk\u0131 imalat\u0131<\/a> ve otomasyon, marjlar\u0131 korumak ve k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n tesislerle ili\u015fkili daha y\u00fcksek i\u015fletme maliyetlerini telafi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de tedarik\u00e7i tabanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendiriyor ve talep merkezlerine y\u00f6nelik kapasitelerini geni\u015fletiyor. \u00c7in, k\u00fcresel kimya pazar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 45%&#039;sini olu\u015fturuyor; bu oran 2010&#039;da 26% idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu nedenle, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketin \u00c7in pazar\u0131nda ve k\u00fcresel pazarlarda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda konumlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00c7in&#039;e yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya devam etmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, tedarik zinciri risklerini azaltmak i\u00e7in Hindistan ve ABD&#039;nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer Asya \u00fclkelerinde de kapasite art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131yorlar.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">End\u00fcstriyel tedarik zincirlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcresel tedarik zincirleri ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlerden, tam zaman\u0131nda teslimattan ve minimum envanterden uzakla\u015f\u0131rken, end\u00fcstri liderlerinin tedarik zincirlerini k\u00f6kten d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ve gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yapmalar\u0131 gereken d\u00f6rt \u015fey var.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00d6ncelikle liderlerin tedarik zinciri stratejilerini yeniden tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/strong> Bu, yeni riskleri ve f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek bir tedarik zinciri mimarisi uygulanmadan \u00f6nce k\u00fcresel \u00fcr\u00fcn ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, vergi modellerinin ve a\u011f ayak izinin de\u011ferlendirilmesiyle yap\u0131labilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci olarak, liderlerin tedarik zinciri ayak izine ve tedarik\u00e7i a\u011f\u0131na \u00e7eviklik katmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 izleme ve senaryo planlamas\u0131, ki bu da tepkiselli\u011fi iyile\u015ftirecektir, anahtard\u0131r. Ekiplerin ve ortaklar\u0131n zihniyetinde komuta ve kontrolden, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvene do\u011fru bir de\u011fi\u015fim, ortaklar\u0131n hiyerar\u015finin \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nmesini beklemeden an\u0131nda kararlar alabilmesi nedeniyle bu \u00e7abaya da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 liderlerinin ye\u015fil dalgaya odaklanmalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi benimsemeleri gerekecek.<\/strong> \u0130\u015fletmenizin, \u00fcr\u00fcn ve malzemeleri kapal\u0131 bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcde dola\u015ft\u0131rarak at\u0131k ve kirlili\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan dairesel ekonomi prensipleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla rekabet avantaj\u0131 ve \u00e7evresel sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in payda\u015flar\u0131 s\u00fcrece dahil etmesi gerekecektir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Son olarak, i\u015fletmelerin dijital yapmaktan dijital olmaya ge\u00e7meleri gerekiyor.<\/strong> Dijital olarak ak\u0131c\u0131 yeteneklere odaklanarak i\u015fletmeler, tedarik zinciri teknolojileriyle yaln\u0131zca verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmakla kalmay\u0131p yeni gelir kaynaklar\u0131 da yaratabilirler.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>End\u00fcstriyel tedarik zincirini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu d\u00f6rt ad\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen bir \u015firket \u00f6rne\u011fi \u015fudur: <a href=\"https:\/\/mibiz.com\/sections\/manufacturing\/feyen-zylstra-receives-250-000-in-federal-funding-for-new-innovation-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Feyen Zylstra<\/a>. Sa\u011flam bir tedarik zinciri mimarisine ve an\u0131nda kararlar alma yetkisine sahip dahili bir tedarik ekibine sahip \u00e7evik bir tedarik zincirine sahipler. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine entegre ettiler ve dijital \u00f6ncelikli bir \u015firket.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tedarik zincirlerinin k\u0131y\u0131ya yak\u0131n veya k\u0131y\u0131da hareket etmeye devam edece\u011fine dair artan bir beklenti var. Asl\u0131nda, 2021&#039;deki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, en az <a href=\"https:\/\/our.today\/idb-puts-nearshoring-strategy-in-place-to-offset-global-supply-chain-crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ABD \u015firketlerinin 41%&#039;si<\/a> \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in&#039;e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli \u00fcretim tesisleri tasarlan\u0131p in\u015fa edilirken, i\u015fletmelerin art\u0131k gelece\u011fin \u00fcretim tesislerinin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tedarik zincirini gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlamak ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in i\u015fletmelerin, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle \u00e7evresel, sosyal ve y\u00f6neti\u015fim kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ve ye\u015fil giri\u015fimlerin g\u00fcndemin \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131 gerekiyor.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ye\u015fil dalgan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, genel olarak imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne de etki edecek bir sonraki bozucu etki olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca at\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim modeli olan dairesel ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f, i\u015fletmenizin tedarik zincirini olu\u015ftururken dikkate alman\u0131z gereken \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in etkili ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir tedarik zinciri tasarlay\u0131n\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 End\u00fcstriyel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Merkezi (INCIT), \u00fcretim d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc savunuyor ve tedarik zinciri dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta b\u00fcy\u00fck end\u00fcstrilere ve \u00fcreticilere destek sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hem ara\u00e7lara hem de eri\u015fime sahip.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fletmenizi giderek daha fazla korumac\u0131 hale gelen bu i\u015f ortam\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131ya nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011finiz hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Burada<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pandemi ve son jeopolitik olaylar, makroekonomik kar\u015f\u0131 r\u00fczgarlarla birle\u015fince baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde tedarik zincirlerinin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. K\u00fcresel i\u015f ortam\u0131ndaki devam eden t\u00fcrb\u00fclans \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gelecekte beklenmeyen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle daha iyi ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l dayan\u0131kl\u0131 tedarik zincirleri kurabilir? <\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[27,39],"class_list":["post-6623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought-leadership","tag-mainspotlight","tag-supply-chain"],"acf":{"topic":"supply chain"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6623"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37896,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6623\/revisions\/37896"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/incit.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}