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隐藏在我们脚下的危机——制造业土壤污染的泥土

思想领导力 |
 2024年11月28日

据联合国称,土壤污染正在“危及”地球上的生命,而制造业是全球最大的污染源之一。然而,由于污染源的复杂性、修复过程的技术难度和成本,以及同时如何确保运营效率,制造商在有效解决土壤污染问题方面面临着巨大的挑战。

土壤污染在不同制造业领域表现不同,以各种方式造成土壤问题。在 纺织领域, the fast-fashion oversupply problem leads to harmful chemical release into soil pollution, as unsold garments often end up in landfills, as reported by The Guardian. In electronics manufacturing, the improper dumping of unsafe materials like lead and mercury during production can lead to soil contamination. For chemical manufacturing, discharging untreated wastewater polluted with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds can destroy soil conditions.

最终,溶剂、染料和重金属等污染物的释放会在土壤中存留数十年,不断影响土壤质量并对环境构成长期威胁。

The situation is so dire that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has warned that the rapid deterioration of soils could lead to 90 per cent of the Earth’s land surface being degraded by 2050. The risks to biodiversity and human life are substantial, underscoring the crucial role of manufacturers in ensuring their business operations have minimal soil impact.

 

土壤污染问题的数字

Various reports indicate that without immediate action, the state of our soil will worsen. Since 2000, UN findings have uncovered that the production of industrial chemicals has surged, doubling to 2.3bn tonnes. It is estimated that this will increase by a further 50 per cent by 2030, which will accelerate the soil pollution problem.

由于多年来疏于管理,处理不当,一些国家的土壤逐渐退化。据全球数据公司Statista报道,2022年,美国丢弃在陆地上的化学废物中,工业废物占了相当大的比例,达21亿磅。欧洲环境署(EEA)报告称,欧洲约有280万个受污染场地源于工业活动。这一令人震惊的统计数据凸显了防治土壤污染的迫切需要,预计土壤污染每年将导致超过50万人过早死亡。

根据联合国发布的《全球土壤污染评估》报告,全球土壤——人类95%的食物来源——正“承受着巨大的压力”。鉴于令人担忧的全球土壤报告,制造商必须立即采取行动,但哪些措施才是最有效的呢?

 

从肮脏到清洁的足迹——减少土壤污染需要采取哪五项措施

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在最近的一次气候演讲中表示:“我们正在拿地球玩俄罗斯轮盘赌。我们需要一个通往气候地狱的出口,而事实上,我们掌控着方向盘。”

制造商可以通过其运营以及在所有业务领域培育促进可持续发展的员工文化来掌控局面。为了扭转其运营对土壤的负面影响,并倡导土壤修复,领导者可以采取以下五项关键行动:

1. 实施和执行严格的规则和标准

企业应优先考虑内部成功,实施全面的环境、社会和治理 (ESG) 计划,以解决与其运营相关的土壤影响和修复问题。可持续的框架和工具可以充当 ESG 指南针。

 

2. 实施先进的废物管理系统

Manufacturers must embrace proactive processes like adopting comprehensive waste management strategies to reduce the leakage of harmful substances into the soil. Additionally, practices such as proper disposal and recycling of industrial waste and employing containment systems to stop accidental spills should be deployed.

 

3. 采用可持续的生产实践

从董事会到工厂一线,所有员工都必须践行可持续实践,包括减少资源消耗、转向环保原材料以及限制危险化学品等。结合绿色技术和现代工艺,企业可以大幅减少土壤污染。

 

4. 投资污染控制技术

企业可以利用先进的污染控制设备(例如过滤器和洗涤器)来加速其ESG进程,这些设备有助于捕获和中和污染物。企业需要投资于废水和空气排放处理技术,从而降低土壤污染的可能性。

 

5. 采用土壤修复技术

Processes such as soil washing (chemical contaminant removal process), bioremediation (natural degradation using microorganisms), and phytoremediation (plant-based toxin detoxification method) can absorb chemicals or detoxify soil contaminants. In particular, bioremediation is not only eco-friendly but can also be cost-effective.

 

清洁土壤的先锋解决方案——案例研究

1991年,位于墨西哥城阿斯卡波特萨尔科的18 de Marzo炼油厂留下了一块55公顷的场地,受到总石油烃(TPH)的污染。专家们对该场地部署了生物修复技术,根据污染物类型和介质(例如土壤或地下水)将其划分为七个区域。这些工艺增强了营养物质的刺激和通气,成功地优化了当地微生物修复环境的条件。

The remediation strategy of the site used a combination of biocell treatment (enhanced soil bioremediation process) and other methods to address diverse contaminant types effectively. The triumph of this bioremediation deployment was driven by the tailored approach for each zone, using indigenous microorganisms and sophisticated filtration techniques. Manufacturers can replicate this success by adapting remediation tactics to the precise contaminants and environmental conditions.

 

绿化工厂车间——制造商如何倡导土壤修复

总而言之,制造业领导者必须立即采取行动。全球土壤状况正在恶化,如果不立即采取行动,我们的环境以及人类生活将遭受更具破坏性的长期影响,并将持续影响子孙后代。

关键在于将上述五项明确的行动纳入您的业务战略,并提高内部对土壤污染的长期负面影响的认识。培养一种鼓励员工挑战不可持续做法、提倡以ESG为重点的活动的文化至关重要。但您从何入手呢?

首先,您需要检查您所在地区的土壤污染脆弱性。为此,我们经世界经济论坛 (WEF) 认可的综合 ESG 评估工具, 消费者可持续性行业准备指数(COSIRI),可以快速识别并解决您组织内部的可持续发展盲点。COSIRI 评估可以精准定位运营效率低下的问题,并指导您制定可持续行动计划。这份定制路线图包含清晰的里程碑、分步策略、必要资源和目标成果。通过突出对环境影响重大的领域,COSIRI 为风险缓解奠定了坚实的基础。如需了解更多关于 COSIRI 的信息,并探索哪种方案(COSIRI-10 和 COSIRI-24)最适合您的企业, 访问我们的网站.

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Soil Pollution In Manufacturing

Industrial waste causes soil pollution when hazardous chemicals, heavy metals, or untreated byproducts are released into the ground. This can happen through leaks, spills, or improper storage and disposal near manufacturing sites.

Soil pollution occurs when pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, plastics, or industrial chemicals, accumulate in the soil. Common sources include factory waste, mining, oil spills, and excessive use of agrochemicals.

We can reduce soil pollution by using cleaner manufacturing processes, treating industrial waste properly, promoting recycling, and adopting sustainable land management practices that protect the soil from contamination.

To stop soil pollution, industries must prevent chemical leaks, use eco-friendly materials, treat waste before disposal, and follow strict environmental regulations. Public awareness and government enforcement also play a key role.

Soil pollution harms plant growth, reduces soil fertility, contaminates groundwater, and disrupts ecosystems. It can lead to long-term damage to biodiversity and food security.

Industries that contribute most to soil pollution include chemical manufacturing, mining, metal processing, textile production, and electronics manufacturing, especially those that use or dispose of toxic substances.

Soil pollution can affect human health through direct contact with contaminated soil or by consuming polluted water and crops. It can cause skin issues, respiratory problems, and long-term exposure may lead to serious illnesses like cancer.

Examples of soil pollutants from factories include heavy metals like lead and mercury, chemical solvents, petroleum products, pesticides, and plastic waste, all of which can degrade soil quality and contaminate nearby water sources.

Sustainable manufacturing helps prevent soil contamination by using cleaner technologies, reducing toxic waste, and following environmentally responsible practices that minimise soil and water pollution.

Yes, soil pollution is a major issue in industrial zones due to high concentrations of factories, hazardous waste, and poor environmental oversight. Contaminated soil can affect local communities and ecosystems.

Manufacturers can prevent soil contamination by installing proper waste treatment systems, monitoring for chemical leaks, using non-toxic materials, and following best practices for environmental safety and compliance.

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